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The America's Cup... Defenders & Challengers
1870-1887... The Schooners and Sloops of early defenses...
1870 New York, New York
THE WINNER
Magic
The Yacht
Name : Magic
Year : 1870
LOA : 84ft
LWL : 79ft
Beam : 20ft 9in
Draught : 6ft 3in (keelboard)
Displacement : 92.2 tons
Sail Area : 8,300 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : New York Yacht Club
Home Port : New York, New York, USA
THE TEAM
Built For : Franklin Osgood
Skipper : A. Comstock
Designer : R.F.Loper
THE CHALLENGER
Cambria
The Yacht
Name : Cambria
Year : 1870
LOA : 129ft 6in
LWL : 83ft 6in
Beam : 21ft 6in
Draught : 15ft
Displacement : 143 tons
Sail Area : 7,561 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : Royal Thames Yacht Club
Home Port : London, England
THE TEAM
Built For : James Ashbury
Skipper : J. Tinnock
Designer : Michael Ratsey
MAGIC (USA) def CAMBRIA (ENG) 1/0

    The 90-foot schooner Magic (R.F. Loper) led a fleet of 14 sailboats from the NYYC in a single 35-mile race off New York, defeating Great Britain's Cambria, which was owned by James Ashbury.

    The 108-foot Cambria, designed and built by Michael Ratsey of Cowes, finished 10th overall, beaten also by the namesake of the America's Cup.

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1871 New York, New York
THE WINNERS
Columbia
The Yacht
Name : Columbia
Year : 1871
LOA : 112ft
LWL : 98ft 6in
Beam : 25ft 6in
Draught : 5ft 1in (keelboard)
Displacement : 220 tons
Sail Area : 11,200 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : New York Yacht Club
Home Port : New York, New York, USA
THE TEAM
Built For : Franklin Osgood
Skipper : Nelson Comstock
Designer : J.B. Van Deusen
Sappho
The Yacht
Name : Sappho
Year : 1871
LOA : 145ft
LWL : 121
Beam : 27ft 4in
Draught : 12ft 8in
Displacement : 310 tons
Sail Area : 19,060 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : New York Yacht Club
Home Port : New York, New York, USA
THE TEAM
Owners : Richard Poillon (1867)
William Douglas (1868-1876)
Skipper : Bob Fish
Designer : David Kerby
Builder : Richard Poillon
Built In : Green Point, Brooklyn, NY, USA
History : Sappho and Willie Davis
THE CHALLENGER
Livonia
The Yacht
Name : Livonia
Year : 1871
LOA : 127ft
LWL : 106ft
Beam : 23ft 7in
Draught : 15ft
Displacement : 264 tons
Sail Area : 18,153 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : Royal Harwich Yacht Club
Commodore : James Ashbury
Home Port : Woolverstone, Ipswitch, England
THE TEAM
Built For : James Ashbury
Skipper : J.R. Woods
Designer : Michael Ratsey
COLUMBIA/SAPPHO (USA) def LIVONIA (ENG) 4/1
USA def GBR

    The schooner Columbia, designed and built by J.B. Van Deusen, and a second schooner, Sappho, from the board of C. & R. Poillon, easily defeated a second challenge from James Ashbury and Michael Ratsey's schooner Livonia.

    Columbia won the first two races, but lost the third after losing a jib stay and her steering gear. As was the custom at the time, Sappho was allowed to sail in the next two races of the seven-race series, winning them both.

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1876 New York, New York
THE WINNER
Madeleine
The Yacht
Name : Madeleine
Year : 1876
LOA : 106ft
LWL : 91ft
Beam : 24ft 3in
Draught : 7ft 5in (keelboard)
Displacement : 151 tons
Sail Area : 17,200 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : New York Yacht Club
Home Port : New York, New York, USA
THE TEAM
Built For : John S. Dickerson
Skipper : Josephus Williams
Designer : D.Kirby
THE CHALLENGER
Countess of Dufferin
The Yacht
Name : Countess of Dufferin
Year : 1876
LOA : 107ft
LWL : 95ft
Beam : 24ft
Draught : 6ft 6in (keelboard)
Displacement : 138 tons
Sail Area : 11,200
The Club
Yacht Club : Royal Canadian Yacht Club
Home Port : Toronto, Ontario, Canada
THE TEAM
Owner : Charles Gifford
Skipper : J.E. Ellsworth
Designer : Alex Cuthbert
MADELEINE (USA) def COUNTESS OF DUFFERIN (CAN) 2/0

    Alexander Cuthbert's 106-foot Countess of Dufferin of Ontario, Canada, mounted the third challenge. This was last time schooners raced for the America's Cup.

    Defender Madeleine — owned by John S. Dickerson, designed by J. Voorhis, and skippered by J. Williams — was unbeatable in the two-race series, as she had been for the previous three years.

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1881 New York, New York
THE WINNER
Mischief
The Yacht
Name : Mischief
Year : 1881
LOA : 67ft 5in
LWL : 61ft
Beam : 19ft 11in
Draught : 5ft 8in (keelboard)
Displacement : 79 tons
Sail Area : 3,210 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : New York Yacht Club
Home Port : New York, New York, USA
THE TEAM
Built For : Joseph Bush
Skipper : Nathanial Clock
Designer : A.Cary Smith
THE CHALLENGER
Atalanta
The Yacht
Name : Atalanta
Year : 1881
LOA :
LWL : 64ft
Beam : 19ft 2in
Draught : 5ft 6in (keelboard)
Displacement : 84 tons
Sail Area : 3,118 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : Bay of Quinte Yacht Club
Home Port : Bellville, Ontario, Canada
THE TEAM
Built For : Alexander Cuthbert
Skipper : Alexander Cuthbert
Designer : Alexander Cuthbert
MISCHIEF (USA) def ATALANTA (CAN) 2/0
USA def CAN

    The 68-foot cutter Mischief, owned by NYYC member Joseph Busk of England and designed by A. Carey Smith, quickly dispatched, 2-0, a second challenge from Canadian Alexander Cuthbert, who sailed Atalanta.

    Mischief was originally a trial horse for the David Kirby-designed Pocahontas, but sailed so well during the trials, she was selected to defend the Cup.

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1885 New York, New York
THE WINNER
Puritan
The Yacht
Name : Puritan
Year : 1885
LOA : 94ft
LWL : 80ft 8in
Beam : 22ft 6in
Draught : 8ft 8in (keelboard)
Displacement : 105 tons
Sail Area : 8,000 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : Eastern Yacht Club
Home Port : Marblehead, Massachusettes, USA
THE TEAM
Owner/Manager : Gen. Charles J. Paine Syndicate
Skipper : Aubrey J.Crocker
Designer : Edward Burgess
Builder : Lawly of Boston
THE CHALLENGER
Genestra
The Yacht
Name : Genestra
Year : 1885
LOA : 96ft 6in
LWL : 81ft
Beam : 15ft
Draught : 13ft 7in (keelboard)
Displacement : 141 tons
Sail Area : 7,150 sq ft
Keel Weight : 72 tons
The Club
Yacht Club : Royal Yacht Squadron
Home Port : Cowes, Isle of Wight, England
THE TEAM
Built For : Sir Richard Sutton
Skipper : J. Carter
Designer : J.Beavor Webb
PURITAN (USA) def GENESTA (GBR) 2/0
USA def GBR

    Puritan, a 94-foot cutter designed by Ed Burgess, defeated Genesta, designed by J. Beavor Webb and owned by Sir Richard Sutton.

    It was the closest match yet, with Genesta winning the first race after her mainsail was punctured by Puritan's lengthy bowsprit. However, Sutton, a noted sportsman, asked that the race be dismissed, not wanting to claim such an easy victory.

    Puritan, owned by a Boston-based syndicate headed by General Charles Paine, then won the next two races, but the second one was the closest race to date: a mere 1 minute, 30 seconds separated the two sailboats.

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1886 New York, New York
THE WINNER
Mayflower
The Yacht
Name : Mayflower
Year : 1885
LOA : 99ft 4in
LWL : 85ft 3in
Beam : 23ft 6in
Draught : 10ft 3in (keelboard)
Displacement : 110 tons
Sail Area : 8,500 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : Eastern Yacht Club
Home Port : Marblehead, Massachusettes, USA
THE TEAM
Owner/Manager : Gen. Charles J. Paine Syndicate
Skipper : M. Stone
Designer : Edward Burgess
Builder : Lawly of Boston
THE CHALLENGER
Galatea
The Yacht
Name : Galatea
Year : 1886
LOA : 102ft 7in
LWL : 89ft 9in
Beam : 15ft
Draught : 13ft 6in (keelboard)
Displacement : 157 tons
Sail Area : 7,505 sq ft
Keel Weight : 80 tons
The Club
Yacht Club : Royal Northern Yacht Club
Home Port : Hellensburgh, Scotland
THE TEAM
Built For : Lt. William Henn, RN
Skipper : D. Bradford
Designer : J.Beavor Webb
MAYFLOWER (USA) def GALATEA (SCO) 2/0
USA def GBR

    Designer Edward Burgess claimed his second victory over J. Beavor Webb, his British counterpart, when the 100-foot Mayflower sent the lavishly appointed cutter Galatea back to England after two races.

    The Mayflower, and others like her, was characterized as a "skimming dish"" for her broad beam and shallow draft.

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1887 New York, New York
THE WINNER
Volunteer
The Yacht
Name : Volunteer
Year : 1885
LOA : 106ft 3in
LWL : 86ft
Beam : 23ft 2in
Draught : 10ft (keelboard)
Displacement : 130 tons
Sail Area : 9,271 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : Eastern Yacht Club
Home Port : Marblehead, Massachusettes, USA
THE TEAM
Owner/Manager : Gen. Charles J. Paine Syndicate
Skipper : H.C. Haff
Designer : Edward Burgess
Built In : Boston, Massachusettes, USA
THE CHALLENGER
Thistle
The Yacht
Name : Thistle
Year : 1887
LOA : 108ft 6in
LWL : 86ft 6in
Beam : 20ft 3in
Draught : 13ft 1in
Displacement : 138 tons
Sail Area : 8,968 sq ft
The Club
Yacht Club : Royal Clyde Yacht Club
Home Port : Hellensburgh, Scotland
THE TEAM
Built For : James Bell
Skipper : J. Barr
Designer : George L. Watson
VOLONTEER (USA) def THISTLE (SCOT) 2/0

    The George L. Watson-designed Thistle set several America's Cup precedents with an innovative design and a hull kept hidden behind a tarpaulin. The 108-foot sloop was thought to be Britain's best chance yet for recapturing the America's Cup.

    But the precedent that counted most—winning—was also maintained, as the Edward Burgess-designed Volunteer came from behind to take the first race, and led from start to finish in the second race of the three-race series. The Cup was saved again.

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